The Brillouin function is a special function, used for example in statistical mechanics.
For plotting we use standard TikZ, pgfplots is not required. The calculation is done using Lua, so LuaLaTeX has to be used for compiling.
This example was written by Mark Wibrow answering a question on TeX.SE, with modifications by Stefan Kottwitz (formula, scaling, styles for axis and plot).
Do you have a question regarding this example, TikZ or LaTeX in general? Just ask in the
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% Brillouin Function
% Author: Mark Wibrow
\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\directlua{
function coth (i)
return math.cosh(i) / math.sinh(i)
end
function brillouin (J, x)
if x == 0 then
return 0
else
return (2*J+1)/(2*J)*coth((2*J+1)/(2*J)*x) -
1/(2*J)*coth(1/(2*J)*x)
end
end
}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{Brillouin}{2}{%
\edef\pgfmathresult{%
\directlua{tex.print("" .. brillouin(#1,#2))}%
}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
x = 2cm/10,
scale = 3,
axis/.style = {help lines, -{Stealth[length = 1.5ex]}},
brillouin/.style = {domain = -5:10, samples = 100}
]
\draw [axis] (-5,0) -- (10,0);
\draw [axis] (0,-1) -- (0,1.5);
\draw [densely dotted] (0,{ Brillouin(1, 100)} ) -- ++(10,0);
\draw [red] plot [brillouin] (\x, { Brillouin(1, \x)});
\draw [green] plot [brillouin] (\x, { Brillouin(5, \x)});
\draw [blue] plot [brillouin] (\x, { Brillouin(50, \x)});
\node [align = center, anchor = west] at (1,1.3) {%
$\begin{alignedat}{2}
B_J(x) &= \tfrac{2J + 1}{2J}
&&\coth \left ( \tfrac{2J + 1}{2J} x \right ) \\
&\quad - \tfrac{1}{2J}
&&\coth \left ( \tfrac{1}{2J} x \right )
\end{alignedat}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
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