The junction here is drawn with photon injection condition like in a solar cell, so we use the quasi-fermi levels.
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% Semiconductor pn junction diagram
% Author: Erwann Fourmond
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns,arrows,calc,decorations.pathmorphing}
% Modified \textcircled macro
\renewcommand*\textcircled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
\node [shape=circle,draw,inner sep=1pt] (char) {#1};}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
% variables for pn-junction diagram:
% all parameters are in tikz scale
% p-side of the junction is here on the right
\def\V{1.5} % junction polarisation (0=flat band)
\def\EG{3} % band gap of semiconductor
\def\EF{1.5} % vertical Fermi level position
\def\EFn{3.3} % pseudo fermi level for electrons
\def\EFp{1.8} % pseudo fermi level for holes
\def\DZCE{4} % start position on the left for space charge region (SCR)
\def\LZCE{2} % SCR width
\def\PN{10} % total lentgh of the junction
% calculations
\pgfmathsetmacro\EC{\EG+\V};% conduction band heigth (without polarisation)
\pgfmathsetmacro\FZCE{\DZCE+\LZCE};% SCR end position
% valence and conduction band drawing:
\draw (0,0) node [left]{$E_V$} -- (\DZCE,0)
to[out=0, in=180, looseness=0.75] (\FZCE,\V) -- (\PN,\V); % EV
\draw (0,\EG) node [left] {$E_C$} -- (\DZCE,\EG)
to[out=0, in=180, looseness=0.75] (\FZCE,\EC) -- (\PN,\EC); % EC
% fermi level drawing (if needed):
% \draw [dashed](0,\EF) -- ({\PN-0.5},\EF) node [right]{$E_F$}; % EF
% quasi fermi levels drawing (if needed) :
\draw [dashed] (0,\EFn) -- (\PN,\EFn)
node [right] {$E_{Fn}$}; % EFn for electron
\draw [dashed] (0,\EFp) -- ({\PN},\EFp)
node [right] {$E_{Fp}$}; % EFp for holes
% electric field in SCR drawing :
\draw [->] (\DZCE, {\V+\EG+1}) --
node [above] {$\vec{E}_{ZCE}$} (\FZCE, {\V+\EG+1}) ; % E vector
% excess carriers
\foreach \x in {1,2,...,7}
\draw ({\FZCE+1+\x/3},{\EC+0.2}) node {$\bullet$}; % p side : electrons
\foreach \x in {1,2,...,7}
\draw ({1+\x/3},{-0.2}) node {$\circ$}; % n side : holes
% photon injection and carrier generation
% p side : carrier generation:
\draw [->, loosely dashed] ({\FZCE+3}, \V) --
node [right] {\textcircled{1}}({\FZCE+3}, \EC);
% the textcircled{number} option is used in several places
% to describe the physical mechanisms.
% It can be safely removed if not needed
% photon wave injection in the bandgap on p-side :
\draw [decorate, decoration={snake}, ->] ({\PN+1},{\EC+1}) --
node [below,sloped]{$h\nu$} ({\FZCE+3}, \EG);
% excess carriers diffusion, with diffusion length :
% electrons on p side :
\draw [->] ({\FZCE+1},{\EC+0.2}) -- node [above] {$L_{Dn}$}
node [below=6pt] {\textcircled{2}}({\FZCE},{\EC+0.2})
node [left] {$\bullet$} ;
\draw [->] ({\FZCE-0.3},{\EC+0.2}) to [out=200, in=0, looseness=0.75]
node [above left] {\textcircled{3}} ({\DZCE},{\EG+0.2})
node [left] {$\bullet$} node [above left=3pt] {\textcircled{4}};
% holes on n side :
\draw [->] ({1.2+7/3},{-0.2}) -- node [below] {$L_{Dp}$} ({\DZCE},{-0.2})
node [right]{$\circ$} ;
\draw [->] ({\DZCE+0.3},-0.2) to [out=20, in=180, looseness=0.75]
({\FZCE},{\V-0.2}) node [right]{$\circ$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
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